Freedom of religion
In the public debate
Documents and references
Canada
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
- Austria
- Belgium
- Canada
- Cyprus
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Europe
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Ireland
- Italy
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Montenegro
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Poland
- Romania
- Russia
- Slovakia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
Documents and references
Canada
- Act Respecting the Laicity of the State
- Freedom of religion in Canada
- Legislation combating hate in Canada
- Reasonable accommodation
- Religion and Education in Canada
- Religion and sexuality
Europe
- Religion-related restrictions and social hostility in 2019
- The wearing of religious symbols at work in the case law of the Court of Justice
- European Union legislation
- Wearing religious symbols: the European comparison test
- Secondary law
- Guidelines on freedom of religion or belief
- 2020
- Chronology
- Church funding in Europe
Austria
- Religious participation
- Religious confessional communities registered by the State
- Religious education in public schools
- Religious Freedom
Belgium
Bulgaria
- Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria (1991)
- Religion and dress code at the workplace in Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
- End of the communist era, towards an independant State
- Legal sources
- Main texts
- Nazi occupation and communist phase
- Prague Spring and clandestine religion
- Recent changes in law of religions
- Religious emancipation
- Religious freedom in the workplace
Denmark
- Freedom of Speech and religion in media generally
- Legal aspect of Church-State relations
- On the other religious communities
- Other Christian Denominations
Estonia
Finland
- Historical background
- Current legal position on religion
- Blasphemy
- Independent Finland
- Prison chaplaincy
- Religion and freedom of speech
- Religious instruction
- The Burials Act
France
- Principle of laïcité
- Wearing religious symbols
- 2023
- Hospital Chaplaincy Services: Legal Framework
- Legal exceptions
- No public subsidies and principle of secularity
- School and religion in France
- The Age of Enlightenment and the Secularisation of France
Germany
- Religious Freedom
- Separation of Church and State
- The difficulty of integrating Islam into the legal order
- The status of a corporation under public law
Greece
- Constitution of Greece of 9 June 1975 (last revision 2019)
- Important events marking State-Church relations after 1974
- Status of the Orthodox Church of Greece
- The Muslim minority of Greece
Hungary
- The neutrality of the State
- The funding model for faiths: from 1990 to 2011, via the signing of the Agreement with the Holy See in 1997
- The Fundamental law of January 2012
- A law on religious freedom (Act CCVI/2011)
- Limits to religious freedom
- Religious pluralism
Ireland
Italy
- International and European sources
- The connection between school/teaching and religion has always been very controversial
- The Constitution of 1947
- Worplace
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
- Constitutional frame
- Legal Status of Religious Communities
- List of the 20 religious communities registered in the (new) unified evidence book of religious communities in Montenegro
- Recent legislative reframing (2015)
- Religion at the workplace
- Religions and health
Netherlands
- 2019
- Enquête
- Freedom of education
- History of religion in the Netherlands
- Separation and freedom of religion
Norway
Poland
- Chaplaincy
- Employment Equality (Religion or Belief)
- Legal aspect of Church-State relations
- Legal sources
- Status of financing
- Status of schooling
- The legal status of churches and religious communities
- The question of ritual slaughter in Poland
- Type of legal regime
- Work on the Changes in the System of Funding the Catholic Church and Other Religious Organizations – Current Situation
Portugal
- A strong religious identity
- Civil and religious marriage
- Law on the Order of Precedence of the Protocol of the Portuguese State
- Military chaplaincy
- Religion in public education
- Religion in the workplace
- Religious assistance in educational centers
- Religious freedom
- Ritual slaughter
- The general legal framework of chaplaincy services
Romania
- Changes (2015)
- A system of recognised denominations
- Chaplaincies in military institutions and the penitentiary system
- Constitution and the Law on Religious Freedom
- Decision no. 669/2014 by the Constitutional Court of Romania
- Non-Christian workers and days off
- Recognised religions, social partners of the State
- Religions in the workplace in Romania
- Religious education in public schools in Romania: historical background
Russia
- Civil marriage
- Constitutional and legislative provisions
- Federal Law
- Main texts
- Religion in the workplace
- Religions et prison
- Research into religious law
- Secular state education and denominational institutions
- Status of religious organisations
Serbia
Slovakia
- In Hungarian kingdom and Habsburg monarchy
- Socialistic Czechoslovakia
- Draft treaties on the right to exercise conscientious objection
- Legal Status of Churches and religious communities
- Main texts
- Spiritual care in public institutions
Slovenia
- The legal position of religious communities in the republic of Slovenia
- Legal sources
- Statutory provisions
Spain
- A three-party situation
- Attempts at Liberalisation, a limited development
- Chaplaincy in public institutions
- Francoism, from the return of national-Catholicism to the relaxation of the last several years
- Fundación Pluralismo y Conviencia
- Health and religion
- Legal relations between the Church and State
- Main texts
- Normative developments and agreements
- Principles
- Religion in the workplace
- Religious educational centres
- Religious instruction in State schools
- Ritual slaughter in Spain
- Spain Today: a Modern-Day Democracy
- The regulation of religion in Spanish public hospitals
Sweden
- Religious freedom and the legal position of faith communities
- Blasphemy
- Main acts on religious freedom
- Workplace, clothing, food
Switzerland
- 26 systems of ecclesiastical law
- Cantons regulate religious instruction
- Constitutional texts
- Religious freedom in Switzerland
- Religious peace and the new Federal State
Turkey
United Kingdom
- Employment discrimination
- Freedom of religion
- Protection from religious discrimination or harassment
- Workplace discrimination
